Educational Supervision at the Probolinggo City Education and Culture Office: Implementation of Performance Supervision of Educators and Civil Servant Education Personnel at School Institutions Pengawasan Pendidikan Pada Dinas Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Kota Probolinggo: Implementasi Pengawasan Kinerja Pendidik Dan Tenaga Kependidikan Asn Pada Lembaga Sekolah
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Abstract
This study focuses on analyzing the implementation of performance supervision for teachers and educational staff who are Civil Servants (ASN) within the Department of Education and Culture (Disdikbud) of Probolinggo City. The purpose of this research is to describe how the supervision mechanism is carried out through three main stages: Pre-Control, Concurrent Control, and Post-Control, as well as to identify challenges and improvement opportunities to enhance the overall quality of education. The research employs a systematic narrative literature review method by critically examining relevant academic literature, policy documents, and empirical studies published between 2019 and 2024. The selected sources were obtained from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and official government repositories, based on criteria related to educational supervision, primary and secondary education levels, and the focus on ASN in formal educational institutions. The findings reveal that the supervision mechanism in Probolinggo City has been implemented through structured supervision procedures, standardized classroom observation instruments, and the strengthening of digital-based supervision. However, challenges such as an insufficient supervisor-to-school ratio, limited budget allocation, and low teacher motivation still affect the effectiveness of the supervision system. The practical implication of this study highlights the need to strengthen a transparent reward and punishment scheme, improve digital literacy capacities, and enhance cross-sector collaboration to support a more adaptive and collaborative supervision system. This research is expected to serve as a reference for local education policy development and enrich academic discourse on education quality assurance in Indonesia.
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